Arthroscopic Surgery

What is Arthroscopic Surgery?

The term “arthroscopy” is derived from the Latin words “arthro” meaning joint and “scopy” meaning to observe. So, arthroscopy means “looking into the joint.” Arthroscopy is essentially an optical system. It involves attaching a camera to the end of an arthroscope, which allows for the visualization of the entire joint on a monitor. The images within the joint can be magnified 6-10 times, enabling a detailed examination of all the structures within the joint.

Arthroscopy can be performed in a shorter period compared to other surgeries, and it also allows for the recording of images. It enables the visualization of the inside of the joints through minimal and small incisions, avoiding the need for large incisions required in open surgical treatment methods. Additionally, arthroscopy provides a more comprehensive examination by allowing visualization of areas that cannot be reached during open surgery.

When Was Arthroscopy First Performed?

Arthroscopy of the knee was first performed in 1960. Until the 1980s, arthroscopy was primarily used for diagnostic purposes, but with advancements in technology and experience, it has become an established treatment method today. Currently, arthroscopy is the most commonly performed orthopedic surgical procedure.

What are the Advantages of Arthroscopic Surgery?

Arthroscopic surgery is the least invasive method, as it involves very small incisions, minimizing damage to normal tissues. Patients experience less postoperative pain compared to open surgical procedures, allowing for faster recovery and earlier return to an active lifestyle. This is especially advantageous for athletes who can resume their sports activities sooner. If adequate exercise is performed following arthroscopy, there is minimal risk of developing restricted joint motion compared to open interventions. Similarly, complications such as infection or thrombophlebitis are less frequent. Due to these reasons, the recovery period after arthroscopic surgery is shorter and more comfortable.

How is Arthroscopic Surgery Performed?

Arthroscopic procedures require the conditions of an operating room and anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia is commonly used as the anesthetic method. A small incision of approximately 0.5 cm is made to visualize the inside of the joint. Additional incisions may be required for diagnosis and treatment purposes. The necessary instruments for surgical procedures are inserted into the joint through a second incision. The surgical procedure is performed by observing the inside of the joint on a monitor. With the presence of video recording systems, the entire arthroscopic procedure can be recorded.

After arthroscopic surgery, mild pain relievers are usually sufficient. The length of hospital stay varies between one to two days, depending on the type of procedure performed. In most cases, except for patients undergoing cruciate ligament or patella dislocation repair, the hospital stay is typically one day.

The follow-up program after arthroscopy varies depending on the content of the surgery. After simple meniscectomies (removal of torn parts), there are no specific restrictions for the patient, while weight-bearing with crutches may be allowed after anterior cruciate ligament surgery.

If meniscus tears are repaired, the rehabilitation program may involve the use of crutches, movement restrictions, and avoiding full weight-bearing. Complications after arthroscopy are rare. The incidence of infection or inflammation is significantly lower compared to other interventions. Arthroscopy is performed with preventive measures in place to address these issues.

When is Arthroscopy Necessary?

Arthroscopy of the Knee:

– Meniscus tears
– Ligament tears, especially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
– Cartilage damage within the jo

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– Loose bodies (joint mice)
– Inflammation and hypertrophy of the joint synovium

Arthroscopy for Arthritis or

Osteoarthritis:

– Treatment of osteoarthritis at an early stage
– Osteochondritis (fragmentation or loose bodies of cartilage)

– Fractures affecting the knee joint
– Cartilage transplantation
– Correction of patellar (kneecap) alignment
– Treatment of patellar dislocations

– Drainage of joint inflammations
– Synovectomy (removal of diseased joint lining)
– Release of post-traumatic or post-disease movement limitations
– Removal of benign tumors and cysts within the joint, can be performed arthroscopically or with arthroscopic assistance

Arthroscopy of the Shoulder:
– Treatment of impingement syndrome and recurrent shoulder dislocations

– Procedures for cartilage and labral lesions within the shoulder joint
– Treatment of early-stage osteoarthritis
– Synovectomy for rheumatic diseases
– Release of shoulder motion restrictions

– Removal of loose bodies within the joint, can be performed arthroscopically or with arthroscopic assistance

Arthroscopy of the Ankle:
– Intra-articular fractures, osteochondritis (fragmentation of cartilage and joint mice)

– Meniscoid lesions (tissue entrapment following repeated sprains)
– Treatment of early-stage osteoarthritis
– Arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment for rheumatic diseases

Arthroscopy of the Wrist:

– Treatment of intra-articular fractures
– Decompression of nerve entrapments
– Treatment of ligament tears between wrist bones
– Treatment of cartilage lesions
– Repair of TFCC (triangular fibrocartilage complex) tears can be performed arthroscopically.

Arthroscopy of the Elbow:
– Treatment of osteochondritis (fragmentation of cartilage and joint mice)
– Removal of loose bodies
– Shaving of bony prominences causing restricted movement
– Synovectomy for rheumatic diseases
– Removal of benign tumors and cysts within the joint, can be performed arthroscopically or with arthroscopic assistance.